文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Economic and environmental analysis of five Chinese rural toilet technologies based on the economic input-output life cycle assessment

作者：Gao, Hui[1,2];Zhou, Chuanbin[1];Li, Feng[1];Han, Baolong[1];Li, Xiuxia[3]

第一作者：Gao, Hui

通讯作者：Zhou, CB[1]

机构：[1]Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China;[2]Xinyang Normal Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Xinyang 46400, Henan, Peoples R China;[3]Xinxiang Univ, Sch Art & Design, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, Peoples R China

第一机构：Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China

通讯机构：[1]corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.

年份：2017

卷号：163

起止页码：S379-S391

外文期刊名：JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION

收录：;EI(收录号：20160501864614);Scopus(收录号：2-s2.0-84955457968);WOS:【SSCI(收录号:WOS:000416300200038)，SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:000416300200038)】；

基金：This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71273254) and Beijing special financial allocation on science and technology projects.

语种：英文

外文关键词：Economic input-output life cycle assessment model; Net present value; Rainwater harvesting; Urine diverting composting toilet

摘要：Building toilets are critical infrastructure to promote public health. The current sanitation technology in developed countries is based on diluting human excreta with large volumes of centrally provided potable water. This approach is a poor use of water resources and is also inefficient and energy intensive, which is not suitable for water-shortage rural areas of northern China. Therefore, comprehensive schemes of Chinese rural toilets, including standard flushing, rainwater harvesting flushing systems, urine separation and composting systems, were considered in this study by means of five scenarios simulation. Economic net present value method was adopted for economic analysis and economic input output life cycle assessment model based on Chinese economic inputoutput table and life cycle database was developed for comparing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission implications, aiming to guide the selection of toilet schemes. A mountainous village in Mentougou District of Beijing was taken as the example. Based on total cost and net present value method, the results showed that scenario 5, namely urine diverting composting systems, outweighed the other four alternatives on the cost even in the different discount rates ranging from 0% to 10%; scenario 3, namely urine-diversion and potable water flushing toilet, was sub-optimal economic solution which net present value was negative when discount rate was over 8%. This study also present scenario 3's environmental superiority to scenario 5 on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. These two technologies were proved viable options for standard flushing toilet. Nevertheless, for another two scenarios of rainwater harvesting flushing toilets, they had higher amounts of investment, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission due to the high investment on rainwater tank construction. Moreover, the vast majority of construction materials required high energy consumption and were carbon intensive sectors in China. Finally, some suggestions were given for the implementation of urine separation toilets and composting toilets in the practical application. Meanwhile, impact of the rising water price in selecting alternative technologies and tradeoff about the priority consideration for rural toilet technologies were analyzed in this study. Considering the great significance of rainwater harvesting toilet technology to save the water resources, measures of how much government should subsidize for guarantee its extension and motivation was discussed as well. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.